MERCHANT SHIPPING (REGISTRATION) ORDINANCE
Hong Kong
MERCHANT SHIPPING (REGISTRATION) ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 415)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
ion.
I PRELIMINARY
hort title
nterpretation
pplication of Ordinance to certain structures, etc.
II ADMINISTRATION
egistrar of Ships
nstructions
rotection of public officers
III THE REGISTER
egister of ships
nspection, etc. of register
ectification of register
Correction of clerical errors in register
IV REGISTRATION OF SHIPS
strable ships and interests
Registrable ships
Registration of property in ships
urement and identification of ships
Tonnage regulations
Tonnage and description of ships
Tonnage of ships registered, etc. outside Hong Kong
Ship names regulations
Rules as to ship names
Marking of ship
stration procedures
Application for registration
Declarations by and on behalf of owners and demise charterers
Evidence on first registration
Refusal of registration
Entry of particulars in the register
Certificate of registry
Retention of documents
Port of registry
isional registration
Application for provisional registration
Entry of particulars in the register on provisional registration
Period of provisional registration
Certificate of provisional registration
Retention of documents on provisional registration
Application of Ordinance in relation to ships provisionally
registered
etc. of certificates and flags
Custody of certificate
Use of improper certificate
Replacement of lost, etc. certificate
Application of preceding sections to certificate of provisional
registry
Proper colours
V TRANSFERS AND TRANSMISSIONS
Application and interpretation of Part V
Transfer of ships
Declaration of transfer
Registration of transfer
Transmission of ship by operation of law
VI MORTGAGES
Definitions in Part VI
Mortgage of ship
Priority of mortgages, etc.
Mortgagee not treated as owner
Mortgagee to have power of disposal
Transfer of mortgage
Transmission of mortgage by operation of law
Discharge of mortgage
Power of disposal by owner
Trusts not recognized
Equities not excluded
VII CLOSURE OF REGISTRATION
es of owners, etc. in relation to registrability of ships
Notice of change of address, etc. of owner
Notice of dissolution, etc. of body corporate owner or charterer
Notice of termination of demise charter
Notice of loss, transfer, etc. of ship
Delivery of foreign certificate of deletion
ure of registration
Owner seeking closure of registration
Closure on receipt of notice concerning registrability
Closure on failure to comply with requirements of Ordinance
Closure on failure to pay fees or charges
Closure on failure of representative person to act, etc.
Closure by direction generally
Issue of certificate of deletion
Delivery of certificate of registry on closure
Register entries relating to mortgages
VIII REPRESENTATIVE PERSONS
Representative person
Notice of change of business by representative person
Notice of intention to cease acting
Duties, etc. of representative person
Notice to replace representative person
IX GOVERNMENT SHIPS
Meaning of "Government ship"
Registrability of Government ships
Application for registration of Government ship
Entry of particulars of Government ship in the register
Certificate of registry of Government ship
Retention of documents relating to Government ship
Transfer of registered Government ship
Application of Ordinance to Government ships
X MISCELLANEOUS
Alterations to ships
Registration a new
Grant of new certificate of registry
Mode of making declarations
Power of Registrar to dispense with declarations, etc.
False declarations or information
Documents, copies and admissibility in evidence
Service of documents
Taking detained ship to sea
Fees and charges regulations
References to ship registered in Hong Kong
Amendment of Schedules
Time limit for criminal proceedings
XI TRANSITIONAL SHIPS
Interpretation of Part XI
Ships registered under the Act
Ships not yet registered under the Act
Entry of particulars in respect of transitional ships
Certificate of registry for transitional ships
Retention of documents for transitional ships
Return of certificates issued under the Act
Transitional ship ceasing to be registrable
Application of Ordinance to transitional ships
XII CONSEQUENTIAL AND SAVINGS PROVISIONS
Application of Merchant Shipping Acts
Savings, amendments and repeals
dule 1. Proper colours of a registered ship
dule 2. Specified Ordinances
dule 3. Application of Ordinance to Government ships
dule 4. Application of Ordinance to transitional ships
dule 5. Amendments and repeals
rdinance to provide for the registration of ships in Hong Kong
and for
ted matters.
ecember 1990] L. N. 366 of 1990
PART I PRELIMINARY
hort title
Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping
(Registration)
nance.
nterpretation
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires-
horized surveyor" means a surveyor appointed by a Certifying
Authority
rred to in section 13 for the purposes of the tonnage regulations;
lder's certificate" in relation to a ship, means a certificate
signed
he builder of the ship and containing a true account of-
the proper denomination and tonnage of the ship, as estimated by
him;
the date when and place where the ship was built; and
the name of the person on whose account the ship was built;
tificate of deletion" means a certificate of deletion issued
under
ion 65; "certificate of provisional registry" means a
certificate of
isional registry granted under section 30 and a new
certificate of
isional registry granted under section 35;
tificate of registry" means a certificate of registry granted
under
ion 24, 77 or 98 and a new certificate of registry granted
under
ion 35 or 83; "certificate of survey" means a certificate
granted by
uthorized surveyor under section 14;
tificate or declaration of marking", in relation to a ship, means-
a certificate signed by an authorized surveyor; or
a declaration made in Hong Kong by one or more of the owners or
by the
se charterer of the ship,
ifying or declaring, as the case may be, that the ship's name and
port
egistry have been marked as directed by the Registrar;
mencement date" means the date appointed by the Governor under
section
) for the coming into operation of this Ordinance;
ise charter" means a charter party by which a ship is chartered
or let
emise and under which the demise charterer has the possession of
the
and has sole control of all matters relating to the navigation
and
ation of the ship including employment of the master and crew;
"demise
terer" means the charterer of a ship under a demise charter,
and in
tion to a registered or provisionally registered ship means a
person
stered as demise charterer under this Ordinance;
ector" means the Director of Marine;
eign certificate of deletion", in relation to a ship,
means a
ificate or other document issued by the relevant authority of a
place
ide Hong Kong and certifying or stating, as the case may be, to
the
ct that the ship has been deleted from the register of ships in
that
e;
ernment" means the Government of Hong Kong;
ntity card", in relation to any person, means an identity card
issued
hat person under the Registration of Persons Ordinance (Cap.
177);
tructions" means administrative instructions issued by the
Director
r section 5; "lodged" means delivered to and accepted by the
Registrar
ccordance with this Ordinance;
ter" includes every person (except a pilot) having command or
charge
ny ship;
er", in relation to a registered or provisionally registered
ship,
s a person registered as owner under this Ordinance;
"provisionally
stered", in relation to a ship, means provisionally registered
under
ion 28;
lified person" has the meaning assigned to it by section 11 (4);
ister" means the register of ships kept under section 7;
istered", in relation to a ship, means registered
under this
nance;
istrable", in relation to a ship, means able to be registered
under
Ordinance;
Registrar" means any person appointed as a Registrar of Ships
under
ion 4 (1) and, where the term is used in connection with a power
or
tion for the time being exercised by the Director pursuant to
section
), includes the Director;
resentative person", in relation to a ship, means the
representative
on for the time being appointed in relation to the ship under
section
p" means, subject to section 3, every description of vessel
capable of
gating in water not propelled by oars, and includes any ship, boat
or
t and an air-cushion vehicle or similar craft used wholly or
partly in
gation in water; "tonnage regulations" means regulations as
to the
age of ships made under section 13.
Where in relation to a ship or to any matter connected with a ship
any
ision of this Ordinance-
imposes a duty or liability on either of the owner or demise
charterer
he ship; or
provides for the service of notice on either of the owner or
demise
terer of the ship, the provision shall be construed as imposing
the
or liability or providing for the service of notice-
in the case of a ship registered or to be registered by
virtue of
ion 11 (1) (a), on the owner; or
in the case of a ship registered or to be registered by virtue
of
ion 11 (1) (b), on the demise charterer, but nothing
in this
ection shall prejudice or affect the operation of that provision
in so
as it imposes the duty or liability, or provides for the
service of
ce, as the case may be, on any person other than the owner or
demise
terer.
pplication of Ordinance to certain structures, etc.
Director may by notice published in the Gazette provide that a
thing
gned or adapted for use at sea and described in the notice is
or is
to be treated as a ship for the purpose of any provision of
this
nance specified in the notice, and any such notice may-
make different provision in relation to different occasions; and
if it provides that a thing is to be treated as a ship for the
purpose
provision specified in the notice, provide that the provision
shall
effect in relation to the craft with such modifications as
are so
ified.
PART II ADMINISTRATION
egistrar of Ships
The Director shall in writing appoint one or more public
officers to
egistrars of Ships.
The Registrar shall have such powers, functions and duties
as are
erred or imposed upon him by this Ordinance or any other law.
Without prejudice to subsection (2), the Director shall have and
may
cise the powers and functions of the Registrar referred to in
that
ection.
nstructions
The Director may issue to the Registrar and to other public
officers
administrative instructions not inconsistent with this
Ordinance as
appear to him to be necessary or expedient for the better carrying
out
he provisions of this Ordinance.
The Director shall publish such instructions in such manner as
he sees
Where in this Ordinance there is reference to a specified
form or
er-
that form or manner may be specified by the Director in
instructions;
if the instructions so provide, deviations from the specified
form or
er not affecting the substance thereof shall not invalidate that
form
anner.
The Registrar and any other public officer shall comply
with any
ructions issued to him.
rotection of public officers
No public officer shall be personally liable for any damage,
injury or
suffered or incurred by any person as a result of any act done
or
sion made by the public officer in good faith in the
exercise or
ormance or purported exercise or performance of any power,
function or
under this Ordinance.
The protection conferred on public officers by subsection
(1) in
ect of any act or omission shall not in any way affect any
liability
he Crown in tort for that act or omission.
PART III THE REGISTER
egister of ships
The Registrar shall keep a register of ships
registered or
isionally registered under this Ordinance.
The register shall contain such particulars in respect of
ships,
rs and their respective interests in ships, demise
charterers,
gagees and representative persons as are prescribed.
The register may be kept in legible or non-legible form but if
kept in
legible form any entry in the register shall be capable of
being
oduced in legible form.
nspection, etc. of register
person may, on payment of the prescribed fee-
inspect the register in legible form;
require to be furnished with a copy of, or extract from, any entry
in
register in legible form; or
require such copy or extract to be certified as a true copy by
or on
lf of the Registrar.
ectification of register
Where it appears to any person interested that there is a
material
r in the register, he may apply in writing to the
Director for
ification of the register.
Upon receipt of an application under subsection (1) the Director
may,
n his opinion there is a material error in the register-
direct the Registrar to rectify the register; or
subject to subsection (3), require the applicant to apply to the
High
t for rectification of the register.
Subsection (2) (b) shall not apply in any case where, in the
opinion
he Director, the material error is due to the negligence or wilful
act
mission of the Registrar.
Notice of an application to the High Court under this
section for
ification shall be served by the applicant on the Director
and the
ctor may appear and be heard in the proceedings.
The High Court may, in proceedings under this section-
make such order as it thinks fit concerning the rectification of
the
ster; and
decide any question that it is necessary or expedient to
decide
erning such rectification.
A copy of an order under subsection (5) shall be served
on the
ctor and the Registrar.
The Registrar shall-
comply with any direction to rectify the register under
subsection (2)
upon receipt of the copy of an order served under subsection (6),
and
he order so requires, rectify the register accordingly.
For the purposes of this section-
there is a material error in the register if there is an error
of fact
ubstance in the register;
without limiting the generality of paragraph (a), there is a
material
r in the register if-
an entry is omitted from the register;
an entry is made in the register without sufficient cause;
) an entry wrongly exists in the register; or
there is an error or defect in an entry in the register; and
the reference in paragraph (b) (i) to an entry omitted
from the
ster shall be read as including a reference to a matter
that is
ired or permitted by this Ordinance to be entered, or to remain,
in
register but is not entered in, or is removed from, the register.
The jurisdiction of the High Court under this section may be
exercised
he Registrar of the Supreme Court or a Master thereof.
Correction of clerical errors in register
Registrar may correct, or cause to be corrected, any clerical
error or
ous mistake in the register.
PART IV REGISTRATION OF SHIPS
Registrable ships and interests
Registrable ships
Subject to this Ordinance, a ship is registrable if-
a majority interest in the ship is owned by one or more
qualified
ons; or
the ship is operated under a demise charter by a body corporate
being
alified person (whether or not a majority interest in the
ship is
d by one or more qualified persons), and a representative
person is
inted in relation to the ship.
A registered ship ceases to be registrable if-
being a ship registered by virtue of subsection (1) (a), a
majority
rest in the ship ceases to be owned by one or more qualified
persons;
being a ship registered by virtue of subsection (1) (b)--
the ship ceases to be operated under a demise charter by
a body
orate being a qualified person (whether by reason of the
termination
he demise charter or otherwise);
the ship or any share in or part of the ship is
transferred or
smitted; or
) the rights of the demise charterer under the demise
charter are
gned;
the ship is taken in war or hostilities, as a result of which
the
r or demise charterer has lost control over the operation of the
ship;
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郑州市城市园林绿化建设管理条例实施细则
河南省郑州市人民政府
郑州市城市园林绿化建设管理条例实施细则
政府令第35号
《郑州市城市园林绿化建设管理条例实施细则》业经一九九三年二月十三日市人民政府第四次常务会
议审议通过,现予以发布施行。
市 长 张世英
一九九三年三月九日
郑州市城市园林绿化建设管理条例
实 施 细 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了促进城市园林绿化事业的发展,保护和改善城市生态环境,根据《郑州市城市园林绿化建设管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)第四十八条规定,制定本细则。
第二条 市、县(市)、区人民政府应当把城市园林绿化建设纳入国民经济和社会发展计划。
第三条 鼓励和支持城市园林绿化的科学研究推广先进技术,提高城市园林绿化的科学技术和艺术水平。
第四条 凡本市市区建成区、建制镇建成区、风景名胜区、工矿区、高新技术产业开发区、经济技术开发区和城市型居民区的园林绿化建设和管理,均适用《条例》及本细则。
《条例》有明确规定,本细则未涉及的,遵照《条例》的规定执行。《条例》没有规定或者规定比较原则的,按照本细则执行。
第二章 管理体制
第五条 市、县(市)、区绿化委员会负责组织本辖区全民义务植树活动,协调、检查、指导园林绿化工作。
第六条 各级城市园林绿化管理部门是指城市园林绿化工作的主管部门,依法履行下列职责:
(一)宣传、贯彻、执行城市园林绿化的法律、法规和规章;
(二)参与编制城市园林绿化规划;
(三)对城市绿化工程的设计单位、施工单位进行资质审查;
(四)负责对临时占用绿地的审批;
(五)负责对砍伐、移植绿化植物和拆除花坛、花带、草坪的审批;
(六)负责绿化工程设计方案的审查、审批和绿化工作的竣工验收;
(七)调解、处理树木权属纠纷;
(八)依照《条例》和本细则的规定查处违法行为。
第七条 金水河、黄河游览区、高新技术产业开发区、经济技术开发区的管理机构受城市园林绿化主管部门委托,负责其管辖范围内的园林绿化建设和管理。城市建成区以外的风景名胜区,由其管理机构参照《条例》和本细则实施管理。
第八条 规划、公用事业、环保、林业、土地、工商行政、电业、电信、公安等部门应在各自的职责范围内,协助做好城市园林绿化管理工作。
第三章 规划与建设
第九条 城市园林绿化规划由城市规划管理部门会同城市园林绿化主管部门共同编制,经批准后,由城市园林绿化主管部门组织实施。
市园林绿化主管部门应当根据城市园林绿化规划制定分期规划和年度计划,并组织实施。
第十条 建设项目在办理建设许可证前,其绿化工程设计方案应按国务院发布的《城市绿化条例》第十一条规定,经城市园林绿化主管部门审查同意。建设单位或个人必须按照批准的设计方案施工。绿化工程设计方案确需改变时,应经原批准机关批准。
第十一条 新建、改建、扩建工程项目,应按下列规定留足绿化用地:
(一)居住区绿化用地应占总用地面积的百分之三十以上,其中公共绿地按居住人口计算人均不少于二平方米,居住小区人均不少于一平方米;
(二)机关、学校、医院、疗养院、科研单位、幼儿园、部队营区及电子、精密仪器、药品、食品的生产单位,绿化用地应占总用地面积的百分之三十以上;
(三)产生有毒有害气体的单位,绿化用地应占总用地面积的百分之四十以上,并按有关规定营造卫生防护林带;
(四)宾馆、饭店和体育场馆等大型公共建筑设施绿化用地应占总用地面积的百分之三十以上;
(五)旧城区改造,绿化用地应占总用地面积的百分之二十五以上;
(六)城市主干道的绿化带宽度应占道路总宽度的百分之二十五以上。
除上款规定外的其他建设工程的绿化用地,应占总用地面积的百分之二十五以上。
第十二条 新建、改建、扩建工程项目,按规定留足绿化用地困难的,其差额面积经市、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门同意,可在指定地点由建设单位征用等额面积的绿化用地,交由城市园林绿化主管部门负责绿化。
第十三条 从事园林绿化工程设计、施工的单位,应按规定向城市园林绿化主管部门提出申请,经审查符合条件的,发给资格证书。
城市绿化工程的设计、施工,应当委托有相应设计、施工资格证书的单位承担。
第十四条 城市绿化工程应当配套建设绿化用水管网。城市绿化用水量应纳入城市供水计划。
第十五条 新建、改建、扩建工程,在办理建设许可证时,应按规定向城市园林绿化主管部门交纳绿化配套费。
第四章 全民义务植树
第十六条 凡年满十一周岁的城市居民(含城市农业户),男至六十周岁,女至五十五周岁,除丧失劳动能力者外,每人每年必须义务植树三棵,或者完成相应劳动量的其他绿化劳动。
对十一至十七周岁的未成年人,可就近安排宣传、浇水、松土、除草、涂白等绿化劳动。
第十七条 义务植树三棵折抵绿化劳动原标准为:
(一)育苗六平方米;
(二)种植花灌木六株;
(三)种植草坪、花坛、花带六平方米;
(四)种植绿篱六米;
(五)养护乔木二十株或花灌木三十株;
(六)养护花坛、花带、草坪、育苗地六十平方米或绿篱三十米;
(七)市、县(市)绿化委员会规定的其他标准。
第十八条 各单位每年对本单位按义务植树任务种植的树木,应如实填写义务植树登记卡,并接受绿化委员会的检查、审核。
义务植树登记卡由市绿化委员会统一印制。
第十九条 义务植树的成活率应达到百分之八十五以上。
各级绿化委员会每年要对各单位组织两次义务植树检查。对成活率达不到要求者,责令在第二年度自备苗木补栽。补栽后成活率仍达不到要求的,应按规定向树权单位补交苗木费。
第五章 绿地和绿化植物管理
第二十条 任何单位和个人都应保护城市绿地、绿化植物和设施,不得任意占用和破坏。损坏城市绿地、绿化植物和设施的,应当赔偿损失。
第二十一条 禁止擅自占用城市绿地。确需占用的,应经城市园林绿化主管部门同意,报市或县(市)人民政府批准后,按规定办理用地手续,并按下列规定补偿:
(一)占用城市公共绿地、生产绿地,应按地理位置差异程序,建造一至五倍的绿地;
(二)占用专用绿地的,应在本单位内部建造同等数量的绿地。
第二十二条 因施工临时占用沿街花坛、花带、草坪的,在市辖五区(不含上街区)范围内,由市园林绿化主管部门批准;在上街区建成区和建制镇建成区的,由所在地的县(市)、区园林绿化主管部门批准。
施工单位应按批准的期限和面积占用。工程竣工后,应在十五日内拆除占用绿地的临时设施,并清理干净。限期内未予清理或清理不干净的,由城市园林绿化主管部门组织清理,所需费用由建议单位承担。
第二十三条 确需占用城市公共绿地开设商业、服务摊点的,应向公共绿地管理单位提出申请,报城市园林绿化主管部门或其委托的管理机构批准。
第二十四条 因城市建设需要砍伐或拆除绿化植物和设施的,应按规定标准补偿。
第二十五条 从外地引进、购进的苗木,须有当地县级以上植物检疫机构的检疫证明。
第二十六条 对城市古树名木实行统一管理,分级养护。市园林绿化主管部门应建立古树名木档案和标志,划定保护范围,并挂牌标明编号、树名、别名、科属、栽植年代、管理单位或人员等。在单位管界内或私人庭院内的古树名木,由该单位或居民负责养护,园林绿化主管部门负责监督和技术指导。
对新发现的古树名木。因特殊需要移植古树名木的,必须经市园林绿化主管部门同意,报市人民政府批准。
第二十七条 砍伐、移植树木、绿篱和拆除花坛、花带、草坪的,应向城市园林绿化主管部门提出书面申请。城市园林绿化主管部门接到申请后,应在十五日内作出批准或不予批准的决定。对符合《条例》第三十八条规定的,发给砍伐、移植或拆除许可证。凭许可证方可砍伐、移植、拆除。许可证有效期为一个月。
城市园林绿化主管部门对砍伐、移植树木、绿篱和拆除花坛、花带、草坪申请的审批权限按《条例》第三十九条规定执行。越权审批的,许可证无效,并追究审批者的责任。
第二十八条 砍伐、移植树木、绿篱、拆除花坛、花带、草坪的,应在园林绿化主管部门指定的地点按一至三倍补栽、补种,并保证成活。
第六章 树权归属
第二十九条 群众义务种植的树木,在城市园林绿化主管部门管护的绿地范围内的,树权归城市园林绿化主管部门所有;在住宅区由街道办事处、居民委员会组织种植养护的,树权归街道办事处、居民委员会所有。
第三十条 在公有住宅庭院内居民自种自管的树木,树权归单位所有,所得收益单位与个人可以按三比七比例分成。
第三十一条 树木权属发生争议,由城市园林绿化主管部门处理。争议一方是城市园林绿化主管部门的,由市或县(市)、区人民政府处理。
在权属争议解决前,任何一方不得砍伐有争议的树木。
第七章 处 罚
第三十二条 有下列行为之一的,责令限期改正、停止设计、施工或者采取其他补救措施:
(一)未取得绿化工程设计、施工资格证书进行绿化工程设计、施工的;
(二)城市绿化工程设计方案未经批准进行施工的;
(三)擅自改变绿化工程设计方案施工的。
第三十三条 未按规定完成绿化任务的,按下列规定处罚:
(一)未按规定履行义务植树任务,并拒不交纳绿化费的,处以绿化费二倍的罚款;
(二)违反《条例》第十一条第二款规定的,除责令限期完成绿化工程外,处以绿化工程费用百分之五十的罚款。
第三十四条 未经批准或超过批准的面积、时间占用城市绿地的,责令限期退还、恢复原状,可以并处每平方米一百元以下的罚款。
第三十五条 有下列行为之一的,给予通报批评、责令停止侵害、没收非法所得,可以并处罚款:
(一)擅自修剪、砍伐树木或者砍伐有争议的树木,处以每株树木价值二至五倍的罚款;
(二)损害或擅自砍伐、移植古树名木、尚不够刑事处分的,处以五千元以上,一万元以下罚款;
(三)擅自拆除花坛、花带、草坪的,处以每平方米二十元至五十元的罚款;
(四)违反《条例》第二十四条、第二十七规定之一的,处以二百元以下罚款。
第三十六条 违反《条例》第四十条第二款规定的,责令补办手续,并处五十元至二百元的罚款。
第三十七条 未经批准占用城市公共绿地开设商业、服务摊点的,责令限期迁出或拆除,可以并处一百元至五百元的罚款。
第三十八条 本细则第三十二条至第三十七条规定的行政处罚,由城市园林绿化主管部门或者其委托的管理机构执行。县、(市)、区园林绿化主管部门决定罚款一千元以上的,报市园林绿化主管部门批准。
对在“门前三包”责任区范围内损坏花草树木的行为,按《郑州市市区“门前三包”责任制施行办法》的规定给予处罚。
第三十九条 引进、购进绿化植物种子、苗木未经检疫的,由植物检疫机构依照《植物检疫条例》的规定处罚。第四十条 当事人对城市园林绿化主管部门或者其委托的管理机构作出的处罚决定不服的,可在接到处罚决定书之日起十五日内向作出处罚决定的上一级机关申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可在接到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。逾期不申请复议又不起诉、拒不执行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第八章 附 则
第四十一条 本细则规定的绿地占用费、损坏赔偿费、补偿费的标准,由市园林绿化主管部门会同市物价部门制定。
第四十二条 本细则由市园林局负责解释。
第四十三条 本细则自发布之日起施行。
